SatNOGS Wiki - User contributions [en]

Antennas

2021-08-26T06:25:43Z

Elkos:

__NOTOC__
The type of antenna largely depends on the type of ground station. A no rotator ground station will benefit from a different type of antenna (omnidirectional) than a rotator based ground station (directional). The two different approaches are explored below. In addition to the choice of antenna the choice of location for the ground station will have an effect on the quality of observations.

==Non-Rotator Ground Station (Omnidirectional)==
This type of ground station will require an antenna that will give a broad coverage from its fixed position. It is therefore not just the antenna that needs to be considered but also the proximity of buildings, geography or metallic structures that might be in the path of a line of sight between the ground station and satellite.Typical ground stations have had success with simple wire antennas that can be commercially bought or made at home. Colinear or ‘white stick’ antennas are vertically polarised omnidirectional antennas. These have anecdotally been used for successful satellite work but should be avoided. The following are considered suitable choices:'''It is highly recommended that you use a mast-mounted Low-Noise Amplifier (LNA) with these antennas.'''
{| class="wikitable" style="width: 100%;"
! style="width: 49%" |
===Commercial Antennas===
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! style="width: 49%" |
===Homebrew Antennas===
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|[[File:WiMo TA-1.gif|left|frameless|160x160px]]

====WiMo TA-1====
VHF Turnstile

Estimated cost: 90€

Some SatNOGS stations using this antenna:

[https://network.satnogs.org/stations/141/ 141 - balcony-only-east-passes]

[https://network.satnogs.org/stations/33/ 33 - G7KSE]

[https://network.satnogs.org/stations/129/ 129 - Chabot Space And Science Center]

[https://network.satnogs.org/stations/984/ 984 - KJ6DZB] (with modified reflector)

*[https://www.wimo.com/scanner-antennas_e.html#004 Product link]
*[http://oz9aec.net/antennas/air-tests-wimo-ta-1-turnstile-antenna OZ9AEC Review]
|
|[[File:VHF Turnstile.jpg|left|frameless|100x100px]]

====Turnstile====
Estimated cost: TBD

Some SatNOGS stations using this antenna:

[https://network.satnogs.org/stations/13/ 13 - OZ9AEC-VHF1]

[https://network.satnogs.org/stations/7/ 7 - Stony]

[https://network.satnogs.org/stations/16/ 16 - VK5QI-70CM]

*SatNOGS Turnstile Antenna (TBD)
*[https://vk4adc.com/web/index.php/vhfuhf-projects/26-multiband-ants/156-turnstile-vhf-uhf-fds VK4ADC instructions for VHF and UHF Turnstile antennas]
*[https://www.aeronetworks.ca/2017/12/amateur-satcom-rx-antenna-for-2-meter.html Six-element tape-measure VHF Turnstile with modeled patterns (could be used as directional) by Herman Oosthuysen]
*[https://iz7boj.wordpress.com/2018/12/02/double-turnstile-construction-for-satellites-receiving-in-435mhz-band/ Double turnstile construction for 435MHz]
|-
|[[File:M2 Eggbeaters.png|left|frameless|100x100px]]

====M2 Eggbeater====
VHF / UHF Eggbeater Antennas

Estimated cost: $304 (VHF), $280 (UHF), $573 (combo)

Some SatNOGS stations using this antenna:

[https://network.satnogs.org/stations/50/ 50 - N5CNB-UHF]

[https://network.satnogs.org/stations/77/ 77 - N5CNB-VHF]

*[https://www.m2inc.com/FGEB144RK2M Product link for VHF]
*[https://www.m2inc.com/FGEB432RK70CM Product link for UHF]
*[https://www.m2inc.com/FGSATPACK1 Product link for combination package]
|
|[[File:VHF EZ-Lindenblad.png|left|frameless|112x112px]]

====Lindenblad====
Estimated cost: TBD

Some SatNOGS stations using this antenna:

[https://network.satnogs.org/stations/12/ 12 - W2BFJ]

[https://network.satnogs.org/stations/98/ 98 - Grove-UHF-01]

[https://network.satnogs.org/stations/442/ 442 - DL1UNX-FFB VHF]

*[https://www.amsat.org/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/An-EZ-Lindenblad-Antenna-for-2-Meters2.pdf AA2TX EZ-Lindenblad design can be found at this AMSAT PDF]
*[https://www.qsl.net/py4zbz/DCA.pdf KD6JDJ instructions can be found at this QST PDF]
*[https://www.amsat.org/articles/w6shp/lindy.html W6SHP instructions for VHF and UHF Lindenblad]
|-
|[[File:Winkler Turnstile.jpg|left|frameless|100x100px]]

====Winkler Turnstile====
VHF/UHF Turnstile Antennas

Estimated cost: 40€ (VHF), 30€ (UHF)

Some SatNOGS stations using this antenna:

[https://network.satnogs.org/stations/47/ 47 - DB0RV]

*[http://www.winklerantennenbau.de/sonst.htm Pricing page]
*[http://www.winklerantennenbau.de/kreuz137.htm Product link for VHF]
*[http://www.winklerantennenbau.de/kreuz446.htm Product link for UHF]
|
|[[File:UHF Paralindy.jpg|left|frameless|100x100px]]

====UHF Parasitic Lindenblad====
Estimated cost: $15 (with access to a 3D printer)

Some SatNOGS stations using this antenna:

[https://network.satnogs.org/stations/300/ 300 - KB9JHU-Experimental]

[https://network.satnogs.org/stations/32/ 32 - SV1QZZ - UHF #2]

[https://network.satnogs.org/stations/187/ 187 - K3LRD UHF Lindenblad]

*[https://www.amsat.org/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/70ParaLindy.pdf Instructions can be found at this AMSAT PDF by AA2TX]
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|[[File:Quadrifilar Antennas.png|left|frameless|100x100px]]

====Quadrifilar Helix Antenna (QFH)====
Estimated cost: TBD

Some SatNOGS stations using this antenna:

[https://network.satnogs.org/stations/272/ 272 - K3LRD VHF QFH]

[https://network.satnogs.org/stations/255/ 255 - EA5BZ - Elche]

[https://network.satnogs.org/stations/183/ 183 - SPUTNIX-R2ANF-VHF/UHF-stationary]

[https://network.satnogs.org/stations/890/ 890 - Valpo WIRED Lab 3]

*[http://www.g4ilo.com/qfh.html G4ILO QFH Instructions]
*[https://www.aeronetworks.ca/2017/12/parasitic-quadrifilar-helical-antenna.html VHF Model/patterns for QFH by Herman Oosthuysen]
*[http://jcoppens.com/ant/qfh/calc.en.php QFH Calculator by ON6JC/LW3HAZ]
*[https://community.libre.space/t/an-easy-3d-printed-quadrifilar-helix-antenna/1487 3D Printed UHF QFH Antenna by surligas]
*[https://www.thingiverse.com/thing:4737259 3D Printed VHF QFH Antenna based on G4ILO's dimensions]
|-
|
|
|[[File:Vhf moxon turnstile.png|left|frameless|100x100px]]

===="Turnstiled" Moxon====
Estimated cost: TBD

Some SatNOGS stations using this antenna:

[https://network.satnogs.org/stations/305/ 305 - VK5KJP-VHF]

[https://network.satnogs.org/stations/331/ 331 - VK5KJP-UHF]

*[https://sat.fg8oj.com/images/VHFUHFSatelite.pdf Instructions can be found at this QST article by W4RNL]
|}


==Rotator Ground Station==
A rotator based ground station is able to make use of directional antennas. These will have a directional gain, meaning that you will need to point them in the direction of the satellite but the signal you receive will be stronger and for longer. They will allow much lower to the horizon passes to be received and more successful observations. These are not complex antennas but the choice will depend on the type of satellite and there are variations on the main types: yagi, helical and quad.

{| class="wikitable" style="width: 100%;"
! style="width: 49%" |
===Commercial Antennas===
!
! style="width: 49%" |
===Homebrew Antennas===
|-
|[[File:M2 Leopack.png|left|frameless|100x100px]]

====M2 Circularly Polarized Yagis====
VHF/UHF Cross-element Yagi

Estimated cost: $296 (UHF), $296 (VHF), $638 (Combo kit)

Some SatNOGS stations using this antenna:

[https://network.satnogs.org/stations/2/ 2 - KB9JHU]

[https://network.satnogs.org/stations/109/ 109 - EA6WQ - Tomas Orzaez]

[https://network.satnogs.org/stations/25/ 25 - N7IPY]

[https://network.satnogs.org/stations/834/ 834 - Valpo WIRED Lab 1] - ([https://www.m2inc.com/FG2MCP14 2MCP14] and [https://www.m2inc.com/FG436CP30 436CP30] ~3.3m booms)

*[https://www.m2inc.com/FG2MCP8A Product link - VHF]
*[https://www.m2inc.com/FG436CP16 Product link - UHF]
*[https://www.m2inc.com/FGLEOPACK Product link - Combo kit]
|
|[[File:Cross element UHF yagi.jpg|left|frameless|133x133px]]

====Yagi Antennas, Cross-element yagi antennas====
VHF/UHF directional antenna

Estimated cost: TBD

A common type of antenna that is either horizontally or vertically polarised. Simple to construct and suitable for a large number of satellites.

Some SatNOGS stations using this antenna:

TBD

*TBD: Assembly instructions
*[https://gitlab.com/librespacefoundation/satnogs/satnogs-antennas/tree/master/Yagi Source code for SatNOGS yagi antenna designs are here].
|-
|[[File:Wimo xquad vhf.jpg|left|frameless|100x100px]]

====WiMo X Quad====
VHF/UHF Cross-element Quad

Estimated cost: 149€ (VHF), 149€ (UHF)

Some SatNOGS stations using this antenna:

[https://network.satnogs.org/stations/6/ 6 - Apomahon]

[https://network.satnogs.org/stations/49/ 49 - OZ7SAT]

[https://network.satnogs.org/stations/232/ 232 - VK5QI-AZ/EL]

*[https://www.wimo.com/xquad-antennas_e.html Product link]
|
|[[File:Satnogs helical v1.jpg|left|frameless|100x100px]]

====Helical Antennas====
UHF circularly polarized directional antenna

Estimated cost: TBD

A less common type that are circularly polarized. The antenna looks a bit like a corkscrew and can be either LHCP (Left hand circular polarisation) or RHCP (right hand circular polarisation).

Some SatNOGS stations using this antenna:

[https://network.satnogs.org/stations/6/ 6 - Apomahon]

*v4 [https://satnogs.dozuki.com/Guide/Helical+Antenna+v4/11 Assembly instructions]
*[https://ohai.satnogs.org/project/helical-antenna-v5/ v5 Assembly instructions]
*[https://gitlab.com/librespacefoundation/satnogs/satnogs-antennas/tree/master/Helical Source code for SatNOGS helical antenna designs are here.]
|-
|[[File:Arrow Portable Yagi.jpg|left|frameless|100x100px]]

====Arrow Dual-band portable yagi====
VHF/UHF portable yagi

Estimated cost: $83-$149

Some SatNOGS stations using this antenna:

TBD

*[http://www.arrowantennas.com/arrowii/146-437.html Product price/ordering link]
*[http://www.arrowantennas.com/sub/arrowiiyagi.html Product details link]
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|-
|[[File:Elk Log Periodic.jpg|left|frameless|112x112px]]

====Elk Log Periodic====
VHF/UHF portable yagi

Estimated cost: $130-$163

Some SatNOGS stations using this antenna:

TBD

*[https://elkantennas.com/product/dual-band-2m440l5-log-periodic-antenna/ Product link]
|
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|}


A radome design is available from SatNOGS. This will protect the ground station from the elements in all but extraordinary conditions. The design can be found [https://gitlab.com/librespacefoundation/satnogs/satnogs-radome/blob/master/satnogs-radome-v1-bom.ods here] and construction guide [https://ohai.libre.space/project/satnogs-radome-v1/satnogs/ here]. 
[[Category:Antenna]]
[[Category:Hardware]]
__NOEDITSECTION__
[[Category:Omnidirectional Antennas]]
[[Category:Directional Antennas]]

Academic Papers

2021-06-11T03:14:59Z

Elkos: Added some academic papers mentioning SatNOGS

==Introduction==

This is a non-exhaustive list of research papers that cite the SatNOGS projects. Some papers are describing the project and its subprojects in-depth; others mention SatNOGS in passing. If you are familiar with any other research paper that mentions SatNOGS, don't hesitate to add it to the list!

 

== 2021 ==
[https://pubs.gnuradio.org/index.php/grcon/article/view/100 '''SatNOGS: Towards a Modern, Crowd Sourced and Open Network of Ground Stations'''] N. Julien . Proceedings of the GNU Radio Conference, [S.l.], v. 2, n. 1, jan. 2021.

[https://dl.acm.org/doi/abs/10.1145/3447993.3448630 '''A community-driven approach to democratize access to satellite ground stations.'''] Singh, V., Prabhakara, A., Zhang, D., Yağan, O., & Kumar, S. ''Proceedings of the 27th Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking''. 2021. p. 1-14.

'''[https://www.ion.org/publications/abstract.cfm?articleID=17854 Bobcat-1, the Ohio University CubeSat: Preliminary Data Analysis]''' Croissant, Kevin, et al. ''Proceedings of the 2021 International Technical Meeting of The Institute of Navigation''. 2021.

'''[https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/9432771/?casa_token=hzTBL8JRZpYAAAAA:NhksoMGUVFSqYcdDNRJGW4DgW0eu2HqL4mYCnzPmuiZ9uoUZJsMVpYf6q1R7nleL6nPz3NYZ Can consumer electronics be truly open]'''. Moguel, E., Linaje, M., Galan-Jimenez, J., & Vicente-Chicote, C. ''IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine''.

'''[https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/9375871/?casa_token=i2WUX6kcUMAAAAAA:YNQUINhDf4ktm30hnVdMa6AzgvhhdLKbDDOKPW6QlXioQvgzipNUHHcEOpJ9HI-DL1X8qlEo Extended Ground Station Concept and its Impact on the In-Orbit Communication with the Four-Nano-Satellite Formation NetSat.]''' In ''2021 IEEE Space Hardware and Radio Conference (SHaRC)'' (pp. 9-12). IEEE. Kleinschrodt, A., Horst, T., Jager, E., Freimann, A., Dombrovski, S., Habert, R., & Schilling, K. (2021, January).

'''[https://www.mdpi.com/2226-4310/8/6/159/htm Design of Software-Defined Radio-Based Adaptable Packet Communication System for Small Satellites.]''' ''Aerospace'', ''8''(6), 159. ABBAS, Yasir MO, and Kenichi Asami.
 
==2020==
'''[https://pubs.gnuradio.org/index.php/grcon/article/view/65 ESA’s OPS-SAT Mission: Powered by GNU Radio].''' In ''Proceedings of the GNU Radio Conference'' (Vol. 5, No. 1). Mladenov, Tom, Benjamin Fischer, and David Evans.

'''[https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/smallsat/2020/all2020/161/ Expanding the Capability of Satellite Operations using a Global Federated Ground Station Network]''' Matthew J.Szczerba, Justin H. Schachter, Kaylee E.Bell, Michael E. Wilson, James W.Cutler ''(University of Michigan –College of Engineering)'' SmallSat 2020

'''[https://leicester.figshare.com/articles/conference_contribution/Lessons_learnt_from_operating_ESEO/12651881/1 Lessons learnt from operating ESEO.]''' Curzi, G., Lucci, A., Locarini, A., Modenini, D., Tortora, P., Mariotti, G., ... & Melega, N. (2020).

'''[https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?filename=0&article=4706&context=smallsat&type=additional Low Cost Magneto-Sphere Measurement: Leveraging Fusion of Low Data Rate Downlink with Amateur Radio Community]''' Claire Carlton, Everett Maness, David Barnhart ''(University of Southern California, Information Sciences Institute and Space Engineering Research Cente)'' SmallSat 2020

'''[https://doi.org/10.3390/app10072507 In-Orbit Results and Attitude Analysis of the SNUGLITE Cube-Satellite]''' O-Jong Kim, Hanjoon Shim, Sunkyoung Yu, Yonghwan Bae, Changdon Kee ''(Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Institute of Advanced Machines and Design, Seoul National University)'', Hakdu Kim, Jungchul Lee, Jinhee Han ''(Telace Inc.)'' , Sanghyuck Han and Yeonju Choi Artificial ''(Intelligence Research Section, Korea Aerospace Research Institute)''

'''[https://doi.org/10.1007/s11214-020-00659-w The INSPIRE-2 CubeSat for the QB50 Project]''' Iver H. Cairns, Christine Charles, Andrew G. Dempster, Jiro Funamoto, Joon Wayn Cheong, Wayne Peacock, John Lam, Barnaby Osborne, Will Andrew, Tom Croston, Ben Southwell, R. W. Boswell, A. G. Monger, Christopher H. Betters, Sergio G. Leon-Saval, Joss Bland-Hawthorn, J. Khachan, X. Wu, S. Manidis, D. Tsifakis & R. Maj

'''[https://doi.org/10.1007/s11214-020-00721-7 The ELFIN Mission]''' V. Angelopoulos, E. Tsai, L. Bingley, C. Shaffer, D. L. Turner, A. Runov, W. Li, J. Liu, A. V. Artemyev, X.-J. Zhang, R. J. Strangeway, R. E. Wirz, Y. Y. Shprits, V. A. Sergeev, R. P. Caron, M. Chung, P. Cruce, W. Greer, E. Grimes, K. Hector, M. J. Lawson, D. Leneman, E. V. Masongsong, C. L. Russell, C. Wilkins, D. Hinkley, J. B. Blake, N. Adair, M. Allen, M. Anderson, M. Arreola-Zamora, J. Artinger, J. Asher, D. Branchevsky, M. R. Capitelli, R. Castro, G. Chao, N. Chung, M. Cliffe, K. Colton, C. Costello, D. Depe, B. W. Domae, S. Eldin, L. Fitzgibbon, A. Flemming, I. Fox, D. M. Frederick, A. Gilbert, A. Gildemeister, A. Gonzalez, B. Hesford, S. Jha, N. Kang, J. King, R. Krieger, K. Lian, J. Mao, E. McKinney, J. P. Miller, A. Norris, M. Nuesca, A. Palla, E. S. Y. Park, C. E. Pedersen, Z. Qu, R. Rozario, E. Rye, R. Seaton, A. Subramanian, S. R. Sundin, A. Tan, W. Turner, A. J. Villegas, M. Wasden, G. Wing, C. Wong, E. Xie, S. Yamamoto, R. Yap, A. Zarifian & G. Y. Zhang

==2019==
'''[https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Christopher_Simpson17/publication/341494736_Ground_Station_and_Infrastructure_Development_at_the_University_of_Alabama_Tuscaloosa/links/5ec42700458515626cb82957/Ground-Station-and-Infrastructure-Development-at-the-University-of-Alabama-Tuscaloosa.pdf Ground Station and Infrastructure Development at the University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa]''' Christopher Simpson, Andrew Burjek, William Patton ''(Department of Aerospace Engineering and Mechanics, University of Alabama)'', Edward G. Hackett Jr.''(Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alabama)'', and Charles O’Neill ''(Remote Sensing Center, University of Alabama)''70th International Astronautical Congress(IAC)

'''[https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Sebastian_Rueckerl/publication/335160639_First_Flight_Results_of_the_MOVE-II_Satellite/links/5d53d40192851c93b62e6cec/First-Flight-Results-of-the-MOVE-II-Satellite.pdf First Flight Results of the MOVE-II Satellite]''' Sebastian R ̈uckerl, David Meßmann, Nicolas Appel, Jonis Kiesbye,Florian Schummer, Markus F ̈ahling, Lucas Krempel, Tejas Kale, Alexander Lill,Gonzalo Reina, Patrick Schnierle, Sebastian W ̈url, Martin Langer ''(Institute of Astronautics, Technical University of Munich)'' SmallSat 2019

'''[https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2019.02.011 MinXSS-2 CubeSat mission overview: Improvements from the successful MinXSS-1 mission]''' James Paul Mason ''(NASA Goddard Space Flight Center)'', Thomas N. Woods, Phillip C. Chamberlin, Andrew JonesbRick Kohnert, Bennet Schwab, Robert Sewell ''(Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder)'', Amir Caspi ''(Southwest Research Institute)'', Christopher S. Moore ''(Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics)'', Scott Palo ''(Ann and H.J. Smead Aerospace Engineering Sciences, University of Colorado at Boulder)'', Stanley C. Solomon ''(National Center for Atmospheric Research)'', Harry Warren ''(Naval Research Laboratory)''

'''[https://doi.org/10.3390/app9153110 CubeSat Mission: From Design to Operation]''' Cristóbal Nieto-Peroy ''(Onboard Space Systems Group, Department of Computer Science, Electrical and Space Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, Space Campus)'' and M. Reza Emami ''(Aerospace Mechatronics Group, University of Toronto Institute for Aerospace Studies)''

'''[https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2019.07.035 Small satellites for space science: A COSPAR scientific roadmap Small satellites for space science: A COSPAR scientific roadmap]''' Robyn M.Millan, Rudolf von Steiger, Meir Ariel, Sergey Bartalev, Maurice Borgeaud, Stefano Campagnola, Julie C.Castillo-Rogez, René Fléron, Volker Gass, Anna Gregorio, David M.Klumpar, Bhavya Lal, Malcolm Macdonald, Jong Uk Park, V.Sambasiva Rao, Klaus Schilling, Graeme Stephens, Alan M.Title, Ji Wut

'''[https://www.colibri.udelar.edu.uy/jspui/handle/20.500.12008/22675 Construcción y operación de estación terrena para el seguimiento de satélites]''' Gayoso Joaquín, Melgarejo Damián, Mullukian Gabriela ''(Universidad de la República (Uruguay). Facultad de Ingeniería.)''

'''[https://uvadoc.uva.es/handle/10324/33008 Adaptación de la estación terrena GSUVa para su integración en red de seguimiento de satélites]''' Adrián Peña, Samuel ''(Universidad de Valladolid)''

==2018==
'''[https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-56218-6_16 Doing Science with Nano-satellites]''' Gregorio A., Cuttin A., Fragiacomo M., Messerotti M. ''(Department of PhysicsUniversity of Trieste, PicoSaTs SRL, INAF, Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, Department of Engineering and Architecture University of Trieste)''

'''[https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/smallsat/2018/all2018/313/ Overview of the Satellite Networked Open Ground Stations (SatNOGS) Project]''' Dan White, ''(Valparaiso University)'' C. Shields, P. Papadeas, A. Zisimatos, M. Surligas, M. Papamatthaiou, D. Papadeas, E. Kosmas, ''(Libre Space Foundation)''

==2017==
'''[http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7500716/ System overview of the Virginia Tech Ground Station]''' Seth Hitefield, Zach Leffke, Michael Fowler, Robert W. McGwier ''(Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University)''

'''[http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/813388/ Software defined radio (SDR) architecture for concurrent multi-satellite communications.]''' Maheshwarappa Mamatha ''(University of Surrey)''

'''[https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-01615472/ Les développeurs, une nouvelle classe sociale?]''' Paris Chrysos ''(Institut supérieur du commerce de Paris)''

'''[http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/812783/ Improvements in CPU & FPGA Performance for Small Satellite SDR Applications]''' Mamatha R. Maheshwarappa, Christopher P. Bridges ''(University of Surrey)'' Mark Bowyer ''(Airbus Defence and Space Ltd)''

'''[http://nemertes.lis.upatras.gr/jspui/handle/10889/10553 Design, analysis and optimization of a micro-satellite for the study of lower thermosphere and re-entry conditions]''' Andreas G. Ampatzoglou ''(University of Patras)''

'''[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1877050917315338?via%3Dihub A Prototype of an Integrated Telemetry Receiving System with Volunteers: Designs of a Simple Receiver, a Protocol, and an Intelligent Information Processing]''' Masahiro Tokumitsu, Masaki Kusakabe, Souta Ogura ''(Department of Electrical and Control Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Yonago College,)'' Fumio Asai, Satoshi Aoki ''(Department of Computer Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Nara College)'' TakuTakada ''(Department of Social Design Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Kochi College)'' Makoto Wakabayashi ''(Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Niihama College,)'' Yoshiteru Ishida ''(Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Toyohashi University of Technology)''

'''[http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2462967 Ground station considerations for the AMOS satellite programme]''' Øyvind Karlsen ''Norwegian University of Science and Technology'' (Masters Thesis)

'''[https://archive.fosdem.org/2017/schedule/event/satnogs/attachments/paper/1376/export/events/attachments/satnogs/paper/1376/fosdem_satnogs.pdf SDR for Space, the open way]''' Manolis Surligas, Kostis Triantafillakis and George Vardakis, ''Libre Space Foundation, University of Crete, Computer Science Department''

'''[https://oar.sci-gaia.eu/record/567/files/PUBLICATIONSSCIGAIA-2017-014.pdf Training the future ICT innovators on open science platform]''' A.Kondoro, D.Rwegasira, A.Kelati, H.Tenhunen ''KTH Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm'' V. Taajamaa ''Turku University'' S. Naiman, N. Mvungi ''University of Dar es Salaam'' I. Ben Dhaou ''College of Engineering, Qassim University''

==2016==
'''[http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7500529/ Implementation of an Actor Framework for a Ground Station]''' Paul David, Seth Hitefield, Zach Leffke, William C. Headley, Robert W. McGwier ''(Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University)''

'''[http://scholar.valpo.edu/cus/503/ SatNOGS Website Project]]''' Dylan Snyder, Adya Pandey, Caitlyn Marko, John Eric Tiessen, Dr. Nicholas Rosasco ''(Valparaiso University)''

'''[https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-47289-8_15 Connecting the Dots: Informing Location-Based Services of Space Usage Rules]''' Pavel Andreevich Samsonov ''(Expertise Center for Digital MediaHasselt University - tUL – iMinds)''

'''[http://scholar.valpo.edu/cus/498/ SatNOGS Project]''' Ashley LeBlanc, John White, Chris Paradiso, Grace Freigang, Paul Flaten, Dan White, PhD ''(Valparaiso University)''

==2015==
'''[http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/7386227/ Identification, Location, and Reception of Low Earth Orbit Satellites (LEO) Signals]'''Jose Eduardo Oros, Javier Trejo, Ante Salcedo ''(Digital Systems Department, Instituto Tecnologico Autonomo de Mexico)''

'''[http://digitalcommons.usu.edu/smallsat/2015/all2015/38/ Software Defined Radio (SDR) for Parallel Satellite Reception in Mobile/Deployable Ground Segments]'''
Mamatha R. Maheshwarappa, Christopher P. Bridges ''(University of Surrey)'' Mark Bowyer ''(Airbus Defence and Space Ltd)''

'''[https://www.tapr.org/pdf/DCC2015-SatNOGS-AD0CQ.pdf SatNOGS:Satellite Networked Open Ground Station]'''
Daniel J. White, Ph.D., AD/0CQ ''(Valparaiso University)'' Ioannis Giannelos, Agisilaos Zissimatos, Eleftherios Kosmas,
Dimitrios Papadeas, Pierros Papadeas, Matthaios Papamathaiou, Nikolaos Roussos, Vasileios Tsiligiannis, Ioannis Charitopoulos ''(Libre Space Foundation)''

'''[http://theses.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-10192015-163016/ A Distributed Software Framework for the Virginia Tech Ground Station]'''
Paul U. David ''(Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University)''

'''[https://arxiv.org/abs/1507.08565 Collaborative peer production as an alternative to hierarchical internet based business systems]'''
Ganesh G., Debanjum Singh Solanky, Govindaraj R ''(Central Electronics Engineering Research Institute (CEERI), Chennai''
Centre, CSIR Madras Complex)

'''[http://scholar.valpo.edu/cus/454/?utm_source=scholar.valpo.edu%2Fcus%2F454&utm_medium=PDF&utm_campaign=PDFCoverPages Valparaiso University College of Engineering SatNOGS Open-Sourced Satellite Ground Station:UHF and VHF Antenna Theory and Construction]''' Thomas M. Biedron, Jonathon Clabuesch ''(Valparaiso University)''

==2014==
'''[http://telsoc.org/sites/default/files/tja/pdf/ajtde_v2n4a73_telecoms_and_disaster_management.pdf Telecommunications and Disaster management:Participatory approaches and climate change adaptation]'''
Marta Poblet, Hartmut Fünfgeld, Ian McShane ''(RMIT University)''

=Contributions to satellites missions=
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Satellite name
!Contribution from the SATNOGS project
|-
|Picsat
|telemetry/ACK and watch for revival
|-
|UPSat
|telemetry and watch for revival
|-
|Siriussat 1 and 2
|telemetry
|-
|Kicksat
|Sprites deployment observation
|-
|MOVE-II
|telemetry}

[[Category:Develop]]
[[Category:Software]]
[[Category:Hardware]]
[[Category:Community]]
|}

Get In Touch

2021-01-11T08:47:47Z

Elkos:

__NOTOC__
== Ask questions on the forum==

You can ask questions about SatNOGS at https://community.libre.space/, our web forum.

== Chat with us on our Matrix/IRC room==
You can chat with the SatNOGS community at https://app.element.io/#/room/#satnogs:matrix.org, or on IRC at #satnogs on [https://freenode.net/ Freenode].

For chatting around the development and for watching the changes in project's gitlab repositories, join in https://app.element.io/#/room/#satnogs-dev:matrix.org or the IRC channel #satnogs-dev on [https://freenode.net/ Freenode].

Keep in mind that due to timezone differences, you might have to wait a little while for a response.

== File an issue on our Gitlab repositories==

If you've found a bug in the SatNOGS software, or have a feature you'd like to see added, you can file an issue in the appropriate [https://gitlab.com/librespacefoundation/satnogs/ Gitlab repository]. (If you're not sure where it should go, feel free to ask on [https://community.libre.space the web forum] or [https://app.element.io/#/room/#satnogs:matrix.org the Matrix chat room].

== Check our status page==

The status of the various SatNOGS components (network, db and so on) can be found at https://status.libre.space/.

[[Category:Community]]
[[Category:Infrastructure]]
__NOEDITSECTION__

Academic Papers

2020-08-06T19:42:53Z

Elkos:

==Introduction==

This is a non-exhaustive list of research papers that cite the SatNOGS projects. Some papers are describing the project and its subprojects in-depth; others mention SatNOGS in passing. If you are familiar with any other research paper that mentions SatNOGS, don't hesitate to add it to the list!

==2020==
'''[https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/smallsat/2020/all2020/161/ Expanding the Capability of Satellite Operations using a Global Federated Ground Station Network]''' Matthew J.Szczerba, Justin H. Schachter, Kaylee E.Bell, Michael E. Wilson, James W.Cutler ''(University of Michigan –College of Engineering)'' SmallSat 2020

'''[https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?filename=0&article=4706&context=smallsat&type=additional Low Cost Magneto-Sphere Measurement: Leveraging Fusion of Low Data Rate Downlink with Amateur Radio Community]''' Claire Carlton, Everett Maness, David Barnhart ''(University of Southern California, Information Sciences Institute and Space Engineering Research Cente)'' SmallSat 2020

'''[https://doi.org/10.3390/app10072507 In-Orbit Results and Attitude Analysis of the SNUGLITE Cube-Satellite]''' O-Jong Kim, Hanjoon Shim, Sunkyoung Yu, Yonghwan Bae, Changdon Kee ''(Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Institute of Advanced Machines and Design, Seoul National University)'', Hakdu Kim, Jungchul Lee, Jinhee Han ''(Telace Inc.)'' , Sanghyuck Han and Yeonju Choi Artificial ''(Intelligence Research Section, Korea Aerospace Research Institute)''

'''[https://doi.org/10.1007/s11214-020-00659-w The INSPIRE-2 CubeSat for the QB50 Project]''' Iver H. Cairns, Christine Charles, Andrew G. Dempster, Jiro Funamoto, Joon Wayn Cheong, Wayne Peacock, John Lam, Barnaby Osborne, Will Andrew, Tom Croston, Ben Southwell, R. W. Boswell, A. G. Monger, Christopher H. Betters, Sergio G. Leon-Saval, Joss Bland-Hawthorn, J. Khachan, X. Wu, S. Manidis, D. Tsifakis & R. Maj

'''[https://doi.org/10.1007/s11214-020-00721-7 The ELFIN Mission]''' V. Angelopoulos, E. Tsai, L. Bingley, C. Shaffer, D. L. Turner, A. Runov, W. Li, J. Liu, A. V. Artemyev, X.-J. Zhang, R. J. Strangeway, R. E. Wirz, Y. Y. Shprits, V. A. Sergeev, R. P. Caron, M. Chung, P. Cruce, W. Greer, E. Grimes, K. Hector, M. J. Lawson, D. Leneman, E. V. Masongsong, C. L. Russell, C. Wilkins, D. Hinkley, J. B. Blake, N. Adair, M. Allen, M. Anderson, M. Arreola-Zamora, J. Artinger, J. Asher, D. Branchevsky, M. R. Capitelli, R. Castro, G. Chao, N. Chung, M. Cliffe, K. Colton, C. Costello, D. Depe, B. W. Domae, S. Eldin, L. Fitzgibbon, A. Flemming, I. Fox, D. M. Frederick, A. Gilbert, A. Gildemeister, A. Gonzalez, B. Hesford, S. Jha, N. Kang, J. King, R. Krieger, K. Lian, J. Mao, E. McKinney, J. P. Miller, A. Norris, M. Nuesca, A. Palla, E. S. Y. Park, C. E. Pedersen, Z. Qu, R. Rozario, E. Rye, R. Seaton, A. Subramanian, S. R. Sundin, A. Tan, W. Turner, A. J. Villegas, M. Wasden, G. Wing, C. Wong, E. Xie, S. Yamamoto, R. Yap, A. Zarifian & G. Y. Zhang

==2019==
'''[https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Christopher_Simpson17/publication/341494736_Ground_Station_and_Infrastructure_Development_at_the_University_of_Alabama_Tuscaloosa/links/5ec42700458515626cb82957/Ground-Station-and-Infrastructure-Development-at-the-University-of-Alabama-Tuscaloosa.pdf Ground Station and Infrastructure Development at the University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa]''' Christopher Simpson, Andrew Burjek, William Patton ''(Department of Aerospace Engineering and Mechanics, University of Alabama)'', Edward G. Hackett Jr.''(Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alabama)'', and Charles O’Neill ''(Remote Sensing Center, University of Alabama)''70th International Astronautical Congress(IAC)

'''[https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Sebastian_Rueckerl/publication/335160639_First_Flight_Results_of_the_MOVE-II_Satellite/links/5d53d40192851c93b62e6cec/First-Flight-Results-of-the-MOVE-II-Satellite.pdf First Flight Results of the MOVE-II Satellite]''' Sebastian R ̈uckerl, David Meßmann, Nicolas Appel, Jonis Kiesbye,Florian Schummer, Markus F ̈ahling, Lucas Krempel, Tejas Kale, Alexander Lill,Gonzalo Reina, Patrick Schnierle, Sebastian W ̈url, Martin Langer ''(Institute of Astronautics, Technical University of Munich)'' SmallSat 2019

'''[https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2019.02.011 MinXSS-2 CubeSat mission overview: Improvements from the successful MinXSS-1 mission]''' James Paul Mason ''(NASA Goddard Space Flight Center)'', Thomas N. Woods, Phillip C. Chamberlin, Andrew JonesbRick Kohnert, Bennet Schwab, Robert Sewell ''(Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder)'', Amir Caspi ''(Southwest Research Institute)'', Christopher S. Moore ''(Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics)'', Scott Palo ''(Ann and H.J. Smead Aerospace Engineering Sciences, University of Colorado at Boulder)'', Stanley C. Solomon ''(National Center for Atmospheric Research)'', Harry Warren ''(Naval Research Laboratory)''

'''[https://doi.org/10.3390/app9153110 CubeSat Mission: From Design to Operation]''' Cristóbal Nieto-Peroy ''(Onboard Space Systems Group, Department of Computer Science, Electrical and Space Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, Space Campus)'' and M. Reza Emami ''(Aerospace Mechatronics Group, University of Toronto Institute for Aerospace Studies)''

'''[https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2019.07.035 Small satellites for space science: A COSPAR scientific roadmap Small satellites for space science: A COSPAR scientific roadmap]''' Robyn M.Millan, Rudolf von Steiger, Meir Ariel, Sergey Bartalev, Maurice Borgeaud, Stefano Campagnola, Julie C.Castillo-Rogez, René Fléron, Volker Gass, Anna Gregorio, David M.Klumpar, Bhavya Lal, Malcolm Macdonald, Jong Uk Park, V.Sambasiva Rao, Klaus Schilling, Graeme Stephens, Alan M.Title, Ji Wut

'''[https://www.colibri.udelar.edu.uy/jspui/handle/20.500.12008/22675 Construcción y operación de estación terrena para el seguimiento de satélites]''' Gayoso Joaquín, Melgarejo Damián, Mullukian Gabriela ''(Universidad de la República (Uruguay). Facultad de Ingeniería.)''

'''[https://uvadoc.uva.es/handle/10324/33008 Adaptación de la estación terrena GSUVa para su integración en red de seguimiento de satélites]''' Adrián Peña, Samuel ''(Universidad de Valladolid)''

==2018==
'''[https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-56218-6_16 Doing Science with Nano-satellites]''' Gregorio A., Cuttin A., Fragiacomo M., Messerotti M. ''(Department of PhysicsUniversity of Trieste, PicoSaTs SRL, INAF, Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, Department of Engineering and Architecture University of Trieste)''

'''[https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/smallsat/2018/all2018/313/ Overview of the Satellite Networked Open Ground Stations (SatNOGS) Project]''' Dan White, ''(Valparaiso University)'' C. Shields, P. Papadeas, A. Zisimatos, M. Surligas, M. Papamatthaiou, D. Papadeas, E. Kosmas, ''(Libre Space Foundation)''

==2017==
'''[http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7500716/ System overview of the Virginia Tech Ground Station]''' Seth Hitefield, Zach Leffke, Michael Fowler, Robert W. McGwier ''(Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University)''

'''[http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/813388/ Software defined radio (SDR) architecture for concurrent multi-satellite communications.]''' Maheshwarappa Mamatha ''(University of Surrey)''

'''[https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-01615472/ Les développeurs, une nouvelle classe sociale?]''' Paris Chrysos ''(Institut supérieur du commerce de Paris)''

'''[http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/812783/ Improvements in CPU & FPGA Performance for Small Satellite SDR Applications]''' Mamatha R. Maheshwarappa, Christopher P. Bridges ''(University of Surrey)'' Mark Bowyer ''(Airbus Defence and Space Ltd)''

'''[http://nemertes.lis.upatras.gr/jspui/handle/10889/10553 Design, analysis and optimization of a micro-satellite for the study of lower thermosphere and re-entry conditions]''' Andreas G. Ampatzoglou ''(University of Patras)''

'''[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1877050917315338?via%3Dihub A Prototype of an Integrated Telemetry Receiving System with Volunteers: Designs of a Simple Receiver, a Protocol, and an Intelligent Information Processing]''' Masahiro Tokumitsu, Masaki Kusakabe, Souta Ogura ''(Department of Electrical and Control Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Yonago College,)'' Fumio Asai, Satoshi Aoki ''(Department of Computer Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Nara College)'' TakuTakada ''(Department of Social Design Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Kochi College)'' Makoto Wakabayashi ''(Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Niihama College,)'' Yoshiteru Ishida ''(Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Toyohashi University of Technology)''

'''[http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2462967 Ground station considerations for the AMOS satellite programme]''' Øyvind Karlsen ''Norwegian University of Science and Technology'' (Masters Thesis)

'''[https://archive.fosdem.org/2017/schedule/event/satnogs/attachments/paper/1376/export/events/attachments/satnogs/paper/1376/fosdem_satnogs.pdf SDR for Space, the open way]''' Manolis Surligas, Kostis Triantafillakis and George Vardakis, ''Libre Space Foundation, University of Crete, Computer Science Department''

'''[https://oar.sci-gaia.eu/record/567/files/PUBLICATIONSSCIGAIA-2017-014.pdf Training the future ICT innovators on open science platform]''' A.Kondoro, D.Rwegasira, A.Kelati, H.Tenhunen ''KTH Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm'' V. Taajamaa ''Turku University'' S. Naiman, N. Mvungi ''University of Dar es Salaam'' I. Ben Dhaou ''College of Engineering, Qassim University''

==2016==
'''[http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7500529/ Implementation of an Actor Framework for a Ground Station]''' Paul David, Seth Hitefield, Zach Leffke, William C. Headley, Robert W. McGwier ''(Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University)''

'''[http://scholar.valpo.edu/cus/503/ SatNOGS Website Project]]''' Dylan Snyder, Adya Pandey, Caitlyn Marko, John Eric Tiessen, Dr. Nicholas Rosasco ''(Valparaiso University)''

'''[https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-47289-8_15 Connecting the Dots: Informing Location-Based Services of Space Usage Rules]''' Pavel Andreevich Samsonov ''(Expertise Center for Digital MediaHasselt University - tUL – iMinds)''

'''[http://scholar.valpo.edu/cus/498/ SatNOGS Project]''' Ashley LeBlanc, John White, Chris Paradiso, Grace Freigang, Paul Flaten, Dan White, PhD ''(Valparaiso University)''

==2015==
'''[http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/7386227/ Identification, Location, and Reception of Low Earth Orbit Satellites (LEO) Signals]'''Jose Eduardo Oros, Javier Trejo, Ante Salcedo ''(Digital Systems Department, Instituto Tecnologico Autonomo de Mexico)''

'''[http://digitalcommons.usu.edu/smallsat/2015/all2015/38/ Software Defined Radio (SDR) for Parallel Satellite Reception in Mobile/Deployable Ground Segments]'''
Mamatha R. Maheshwarappa, Christopher P. Bridges ''(University of Surrey)'' Mark Bowyer ''(Airbus Defence and Space Ltd)''

'''[https://www.tapr.org/pdf/DCC2015-SatNOGS-AD0CQ.pdf SatNOGS:Satellite Networked Open Ground Station]'''
Daniel J. White, Ph.D., AD/0CQ ''(Valparaiso University)'' Ioannis Giannelos, Agisilaos Zissimatos, Eleftherios Kosmas,
Dimitrios Papadeas, Pierros Papadeas, Matthaios Papamathaiou, Nikolaos Roussos, Vasileios Tsiligiannis, Ioannis Charitopoulos ''(Libre Space Foundation)''

'''[http://theses.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-10192015-163016/ A Distributed Software Framework for the Virginia Tech Ground Station]'''
Paul U. David ''(Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University)''

'''[https://arxiv.org/abs/1507.08565 Collaborative peer production as an alternative to hierarchical internet based business systems]'''
Ganesh G., Debanjum Singh Solanky, Govindaraj R ''(Central Electronics Engineering Research Institute (CEERI), Chennai''
Centre, CSIR Madras Complex)

'''[http://scholar.valpo.edu/cus/454/?utm_source=scholar.valpo.edu%2Fcus%2F454&utm_medium=PDF&utm_campaign=PDFCoverPages Valparaiso University College of Engineering SatNOGS Open-Sourced Satellite Ground Station:UHF and VHF Antenna Theory and Construction]''' Thomas M. Biedron, Jonathon Clabuesch ''(Valparaiso University)''

==2014==
'''[http://telsoc.org/sites/default/files/tja/pdf/ajtde_v2n4a73_telecoms_and_disaster_management.pdf Telecommunications and Disaster management:Participatory approaches and climate change adaptation]'''
Marta Poblet, Hartmut Fünfgeld, Ian McShane ''(RMIT University)''

=Contributions to satellites missions=
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Satellite name
!Contribution from the SATNOGS project
|-
|Picsat
|telemetry/ACK and watch for revival
|-
|UPSat
|telemetry and watch for revival
|-
|Siriussat 1 and 2
|telemetry
|-
|Kicksat
|Sprites deployment observation
|-
|MOVE-II
|telemetry}

[[Category:Develop]]
[[Category:Software]]
[[Category:Hardware]]
[[Category:Community]]

Academic Papers

2020-08-06T16:37:45Z

Elkos: /* 2020 */

Academic Papers

2020-08-06T16:20:30Z

Elkos: /* 2019 */

Academic Papers

2020-08-06T16:19:37Z

Elkos:

Academic Papers

2020-08-06T16:18:35Z

Elkos: added several academic papers (on-going)

Introduction

2020-08-04T09:17:48Z

Elkos: Added two presentations

SatNOGS project is a complete platform of an Open Source Networked Ground Station. The scope of the project is to create a full stack of open technologies based on open standards, and the construction of a full ground station as a showcase of the stack.
SatNOGS provides the basis for:
<ul>
<li>Bulk manufacturing and deployment of affordable Satellite Ground Stations</li>
<li>Modular design for integration with existing and future technologies</li>
<li>A platform for a variety of instrumentation around Satellite Ground Station operations</li>
<li>A firm platform for a Ground Station collaborative network (one to one, one to many, many to many)</li>
<li>A community based approach on Ground Station development</li>
<li>A solution for massive automation of operator-less Ground Stations based on open standards</li>
</ul>
There are a number of elements to the project that integrate hardware and software in a way that allows multiple observers to be connected to multiple ground stations so that tracking and monitoring satellites from multiple locations is possible. The data that is collected is publically available through the production environment.
[[File:SatNOGS explanation.png|center]]
At the centre is the global management network consisting of:
<h3>Users:</h3>
A user is any validated member of the SatNOGS system. All you need is to sign up and with a bit of familiarity you will be able to use the system.
<h3>Global Management Network:</h3>
SatNOGS Network – Our observations, scheduling and discovery server. SatNOGS Network is a web application for scheduling observations across the network of ground stations. It facilitates the coordination of satellite signal observations, and scheduling such observations among the satellite ground-stations connected on the network.
SatNOGS Client – An embedded system that receives the scheduled operation from Network, records an observation and sends it back. SatNOGS Client is the software to run on ground stations, usually on embedded systems, that receives the scheduled observations from the Network, receives the satellite transmission and sends it back to the Network web app.
SatNOGS Ground Station – The actual ground station instrumentation with tracker, antennas, LNAs and connected to Client. SatNOGS Ground Station is an open source hardware ground station instrumentation with a rotator, antennas, electronics and connected to the Client. It is based on 3D printed components and readily available materials.
<h3>Ground Stations:</h3>
A ground station is considered to be exactly as the name suggests. It is a receiver and antenna combination connected to the SatNOGS Global Management Network with some form of computer. There are two main types of ground stations, these are:
Fixed or Non-Rotator — i.e. their antennas wait for the satellites to pass over them (These are simpler types and commonly have a Raspberry Pi and RTL-SDR combination coupled to an antenna like a Turnstile, Eggbeater or other similar fixed antenna type) or
Steerable or Rotator  — i.e. they point a yagi antenna at the satellite and track it as it passes overhead. These stations can use the simpler Raspberry Pi and RTL-SDR combination but need a rotator such as the SatNOGS rotator or a commercial alternative.
<h3>Satellites:</h3>
Simply any satellite in the SatNOGS Database. This is a growing record of educational, amateur and commercial satellites commonly referred to as the DB.
SatNOGS DB – Our crowd-sourced suggestions transponder info website. SatNOGS Database is a crowd-sourced application allowing its users to suggest satellite transmitter information for currently active satellites. Its data are available via an API or via a web application interface, allowing other project to use its satellite transmitter information.
<h3>Presentations on SatNOGS</h3>

* Alfredos Panagiotis Damkalis presented [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ltqgCXi5SGs "SatNOGS - State of the Union"] at [https://indico.oscw.space/event/3/contributions/62/ OSCW 2019].
* Corey Shields & Dan White presented a workshop on [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DrgsOxZEq9o "SatNOGS Ground Station Building Guide"] at TAPR DCC 2019
* Dan White presented [https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/smallsat/2018/all2018/313/ “Overview of the Satellite Networked Open Ground Stations (SatNOGS) Project”] at 32nd SmallSat conference 2018.
* Nikos Roussos presented [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fxKCWNXFh2g “SatNOGS: Crowd-sourced satellite operations Satellite Open Source Ground Station Network”] at FOSDEM 2018.
* Pierros Pappadeas presented [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JGv-S1F-hQo "Going to space the Libre way”] at the AMSAT UK RSGB 2017 convention.
* Scott Bragg presented [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BKULw0NXhyI "Decoding Satellites with SatNOGS"] at linux.conf.au in 2017.
* Manolis Surligas presented [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zs_J1wlIpMs "SatNOGS: An SDR-based Satellite Networked Open Ground Station"] at FOSDEM 2017.
* Dan White presented "SatNOGS: Satellite Networked Ground Stations" at the Digital Communications Conference in 2015.

==See also==

*[[Academic Papers]] on SatNOGS.
*[https://satnogs.org/faq/ SatNOGS FAQ].

[[Category:Build]]
[[Category:Develop]]
[[Category:Operate]]
[[Category:Hardware]]
[[Category:Software]]
[[Category:Community]]

Raspberry Pi

2019-02-14T03:14:46Z

Elkos: /* Intro */ added link to ansible guide

{{Message|This page assumes you have an account and a ground station registered on either network.satnogs.org or network-dev.satnogs.org. Make note of your station ID and API Key.}}
[[File:B3342fcc865731d69e0c9d7a8b1abb887185bc13 1 531x500.jpg|alt=Libre Space Foundation Raspberry Pi Case|thumb|Libre Space Foundation Raspberry Pi Case, [https://www.thingiverse.com/thing:3233687 on thingiverse]]]

= Intro =

The Raspberry Pi 3 is the reference platform for SatNOGS (see our [[SatNOGS Client Ansible|Ansible guide]] to install SatNOGS on other Linux machines). You can try using various distributions for this (eg. Arch, Fedora), but the one we suggest is our custom image based on latest Raspbian.

== [https://gitlab.com/librespacefoundation/satnogs/satnogs-pi-gen/-/jobs/artifacts/2018080300/download?job=release Download]==

You can download the latest Raspbian SatNOGS image following the links from the [https://gitlab.com/librespacefoundation/satnogs/satnogs-pi-gen/tags latest tag on GitLab]. Click on the cloud icon and then click "Download release". You will get an Artifacts.zip file:

=== Artifacts list ===

The current artifacts list consists of:
* A Zipped image file
* An Image info file
* A SHA256 checksums file

== Data integrity verification ==

You should verify the data integrity of the artifacts by checking the SHA256 checksums. On Linux, run <code>sha256sum -c sha256sums</code> in the directory where the artifacts are downloaded

Example:
<pre>
$ sha256sum -c sha256sums
2017-09-29-Raspbian-SatNOGS-master-lite.info: OK
image_2017-09-29-Raspbian-SatNOGS-master-lite.zip: OK
</pre>

== Flashing ==
[https://www.raspberrypi.org/documentation/installation/installing-images/README.md Follow the usual Raspbian flashing instructions], and boot your Raspberry Pi.

== Configuration==
The Raspberry Pi can be set up by connecting it to a keyboard and monitor, by connecting it to wired Ethernet, or by editing files in the /boot mount on the flashed USB stick.

=== Modifying the /boot mount ===
This eliminates the need for a keyboard and monitor. Note your OS may mount /boot in a different location, and [https://raspberrypi.stackexchange.com/questions/10251/prepare-sd-card-for-wifi-on-headless-pi#comment98121_57023 Windows users have line ending problems]. Suggested actions:

enable ssh server

touch /boot/ssh

set up wifi:

edit /boot/wpa_supplicant.conf

contents: (note key_mgmt options include NONE, WPA-PSK, WPA-EAP)

ctrl_interface=DIR=/var/run/wpa_supplicant GROUP=netdev
update_config=1
country=US

network={
ssid="NETWORK_NAME"
psk="password"
key_mgmt=WPA-PSK
}

=== Ethernet ===
If you are using wired Ethernet you should get connectivity right away.

=== Wireless setup ===
If you are using wireless then see [https://www.raspberrypi.org/documentation/configuration/wireless/wireless-cli.md this doc for network configuration instructions] after booting.

== Keyboard and monitor setup ==
Once your Raspberry Pi is booted, log in with username "pi" password "raspberry" and run:
<pre>
sudo raspi-config
</pre>

You will want to be sure to do the following:

* Set a strong, unique password
* Change localization settings:
** by default the rpi locale is configured for EN-GB, change as appropriate (ie: to EN_US.UTF-8)
** set timezone (we recommend UTC so your logs match the times in Network)
** set keyboard layout, again this is defaulting to a UK layout
** set wifi country
** expand filesystem
* Finish and reboot

== SatNOGS Setup ==

SSH to the Raspberry Pi with user "pi" and password "raspberry" (no quotes).

Follow [[SatNOGS_Client_Ansible#SatNOGS_Client_Setup|SatNOGS Client Setup]] instructions to configure the system.

= Fedora =

Instructions for installing on Fedora can be found [[Fedora_Installation|here]].

Build

2019-02-14T02:44:26Z

Elkos: /* Options for Ground Stations */ deleted transceiver option

__NOTOC__
== Introduction ==

Building a ground station need not be complicated. There are a few things to consider when working out what it is you are going to do. Choices such as the desire to have a fixed or steerable ground station will play a big part in the amount of equipment needed and the time taken as well as the complexity of any build. If you are new to this and a little unsure then a fixed (no rotator) option is a good choice. If you fancy a challenge and want to pick out the weakest signals then the steerable ground station might be what you are after. There is more detail in the [[Ground Stations]] page

The illustration below sets out the various major components to give an idea as to what is commonly used.

== Options for Ground Stations ==

A satellite ground station is made up from different parts. The following diagram can help you select your setup based on your needs and/or your existing setup.

[[File:Satnogs_imagemap.png|center]]

Here are some links explaining the different options:

{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 0 auto;"
! Platform
! Controller
! Rotator
! Radio
! Antenna
|-
| [[Raspberry_Pi_3|Raspberry Pi 3]]
| [[SatNOGS Rotator Controller|SatNOGS Controller]]
| [[SatNOGS_Rotator_v3|SatNOGS Rotator]]
| [[Radio#SDR|SDR]]
| [[Antennas|Yagi]]
|-
| [[SatNOGS_Client_Ansible|Debian system]]
| [http://spid.net.pl/en/rot2prog-2/ Rot2Prog]
| [[SPID Big RAS]]
|
| [[Antennas|Helical]]
|-
| [[Linux Desktop]]
| [[G-5500|lsf-g5500]]
| [[G-5500|Yaesu G5500]]
|
| [[Antennas|Vertical]]
|-
|
|
| [[No rotator]]
|
| [[Antennas|Cross-Yagi]]
|}

{{Message|Use the above table to select your setup. E.g. RPi3 > Yaesu G550 > SDR > UHF helical & VHF Cross Yagi}}

== How do I pick? ==

'''Client''': The Raspberry Pi 3 is the reference platform for SatNOGS, and is currently the option that has the best support from the community. Certain SDRs may benefit from a more powerful CPU, like what you'd find in a desktop machine; however, currently you'll need to set that up on your own.

'''Rotator''': A rotator, like the [[SatNOGS_Rotator_v3|SatNOGS Rotator v3]], will allow your antenna to follow satellites as they move across the sky, and thus pick up fainter signals. But if you want to get started quickly, or don't have the hardware skills to build your own, you can still pick up stronger signals (the ISS, NOAA and Meteor weather satellites) with a [[No_rotator|no-rotator]] setup. If you already have [https://github.com/Hamlib/Hamlib/wiki/Supported-Rotators a rotator supported by rotctl], you can use that.

'''Signal Reception''': The reference radio for SatNOGS is the [https://www.rtl-sdr.com RTL-SDR v3], but other latest-generation SDRs like the [http://www.nooelec.com/store/nesdr-smart-sdr.html NooElec NESDR SMart] should work as well. Higher-end SDRs should work as well, but can get a bit expensive. Alternately, [https://sourceforge.net/p/hamlib/wiki/Supported%20Radios/ any radio supported by rigctl] should work.

Amplification is generally done by a low noise amplifier, or LNA. There are multiple options:

* A wide-band LNA next to your SDR (see [http://lna4all.blogspot.com/ LNA4ALL] and similar)
* A band specific (or two) pre-amplifiers next to your antennas ([http://www.wimo.com/mast-preamplifier_e.html example])
* No amplification at all...just pump the gain of your SDR. (This is not recommended for the rtl-sdr.)

'''Antenna''': Stationary antennas (eg: [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turnstile_antenna Turnstile], [https://community.libre.space/t/parasitic-lindenblad-on-uhf/1128/2 Lindenblad]) will be easy to build and mount, as they won't require rotator hardware. They will let you receive stronger broadcasts, like NOAA weather satellites and ISS broadcasts, but may not work for receiving fainter cubesat broadcasts. Directional antennas (eg: Yagis, Helicals) can be more complicated to build, but will also require a rotator to track satellites across the sky. The advantage is that they will let you pick up fainter broadcasts from cubesats or ham radio satellites.

== Next steps ==

Once you have a ground station ready, you should go ahead and operate it! More info can be found on the [[Operation]] wiki page.

File:Satnogs imagemap.png

2019-02-08T04:09:56Z

Elkos: Elkos uploaded a new version of File:Satnogs imagemap.png